Nyuma yimyaka irindwi imishyikirano ya marato, amasezerano y’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu mu karere, cyangwa RCEP - mega FTA ikikije imigabane ibiri - yatangijwe nyuma ku ya 1 Mutarama. Irimo ubukungu 15, abaturage bangana na miliyari 3,5 na GDP ingana na tiriyari 23 z'amadolari. .Ifite 32.2 ku ijana by'ubukungu bw'isi, 29.1 ku ijana by'ubucuruzi rusange ku isi na 32.5 ku ijana by'ishoramari ku isi.
Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, kugabanyirizwa ibiciro byemerera kugabanya cyane inzitizi z’imisoro hagati y’amashyaka ya RCEP.Amasezerano ya RCEP atangiye gukurikizwa, akarere kazagera ku nyungu z’imisoro ku bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo kugabanya ako kanya ibiciro bya zeru, kugabanya imisoro y’inzibacyuho, kugabanya ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe.Amaherezo, ibice birenga 90 ku ijana byubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa bitwikiriye bizagera ku giciro cya zeru.
By'umwihariko, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amategeko agenga inkomoko, kimwe mu bimenyetso biranga RCEP, bivuze ko igihe cyose ibipimo ngenderwaho byujujwe nyuma yo guhindura ibiciro byemewe byemewe, bishobora kwegeranywa, bikazakomeza gushimangira urwego rw'inganda n'uruhererekane rw'agaciro mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika no kwihutisha kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu.
Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri serivisi, RCEP igaragaza ingamba zo gufungura buhoro buhoro.Uburyo bubi bw'urutonde bwemejwe ku Buyapani, Koreya, Ositaraliya, Indoneziya, Maleziya, Singapore na Brunei, mu gihe abanyamuryango umunani basigaye, harimo n'Ubushinwa, bafashe ingamba nziza kandi biyemeje kwimukira ku rutonde rubi mu myaka itandatu.Byongeye kandi, RCEP ikubiyemo imari n’itumanaho nkibice byo kurushaho kwishyira ukizana, biteza imbere cyane gukorera mu mucyo no kubahiriza amabwiriza hagati y’abanyamuryango kandi biganisha ku gukomeza kunoza inzego mu kwinjiza ubukungu mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika.
Ubushinwa bugomba kugira uruhare rugaragara mukarere kafunguye.Nibwo bwa mbere mu karere ka FTA mu banyamuryango barimo Ubushinwa kandi, tubikesha RCEP, biteganijwe ko ubucuruzi n’abafatanyabikorwa ba FTA buziyongera buva kuri 27 ku ijana bugera kuri 35%.Ubushinwa nimwe mubagenerwabikorwa ba RCEP, ariko imisanzu nayo izagira akamaro.RCEP izafasha Ubushinwa kurekura ubushobozi bw’isoko rya mega, kandi ingaruka ziterwa no kuzamuka kw’ubukungu kuzagaragazwa byuzuye.
Ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa ku isi, Ubushinwa bugenda buhinduka imwe mu masoko atatu.Mu minsi ya mbere, Amerika n'Ubudage ni bo bonyine bavuze ko ari bo bahagaze, ariko hamwe no kwagura isoko rusange ry’Ubushinwa, ryagiye ryigaragaza cyane hagati y’ibihugu bikenerwa muri Aziya ndetse n’ibintu ku isi hose.
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwashatse kongera guhuza iterambere ry’ubukungu, bivuze ko mu gihe buzakomeza kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nabwo buzagura cyane ibyo butumiza mu mahanga.Ubushinwa n’umufatanyabikorwa munini w’ubucuruzi n’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa biva muri ASEAN, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande.Muri 2020, Ubushinwa bwatumije mu banyamuryango ba RCEP bwageze kuri miliyari 777.9 z'amadolari, burenga ibyo bohereje mu gihugu kingana na miliyari 700.7 z'amadolari, hafi kimwe cya kane cy’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Bushinwa mu mwaka.Imibare ya gasutamo igaragaza ko mu mezi 11 ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, Ubushinwa butumiza no kohereza mu bandi banyamuryango 14 ba RCEP bwarengeje tiriyari 10.96, bingana na 31% by’agaciro k’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihe kimwe.
Mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma y’amasezerano ya RCEP atangiye gukurikizwa, impuzandengo y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa ku gipimo cya 9.8 ku ijana bizagabanuka, mu bihugu bya ASEAN (3,2%), Koreya yepfo (6.2%), Ubuyapani (7.2%), Ositaraliya (3,3%) ) na Nouvelle-Zélande (3,3 ku ijana).
Muri byo, gahunda yo kugabanya ibiciro by’ibihugu byombi hamwe n’Ubuyapani biragaragara.Ku nshuro ya mbere, Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani byageze ku masezerano y’ibiciro by’ibiciro byombi aho impande zombi zigabanya cyane imisoro mu bice byinshi, birimo imashini n’ibikoresho, amakuru ya elegitoroniki, imiti, inganda zoroheje n’imyenda.Kugeza ubu, 8 ku ijana gusa by’ibicuruzwa by’inganda by’Ubuyapani byoherezwa mu Bushinwa ni byo byemewe ku bicuruzwa bitangirwa zero.Mu masezerano ya RCEP, Ubushinwa buzasonera hafi 86 ku ijana by’ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’inganda mu Buyapani ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu byiciro, cyane cyane birimo imiti, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibicuruzwa by’ibyuma, ibice bya moteri n’ibice by’imodoka.
Muri rusange, RCEP yazamuye umurongo hejuru ya FTA zabanje mu karere ka Aziya, kandi urwego rwo gufungura munsi ya RCEP ruri hejuru cyane ya FTA 10 + 1.Byongeye kandi, RCEP izafasha gushyiraho amategeko ahoraho ku isoko ugereranije, ntabwo ari muburyo bwo kubona isoko ryoroheje no kugabanya inzitizi zitari iz'amahoro ahubwo no mubijyanye na gasutamo muri rusange no korohereza ubucuruzi, ibyo bikaba birenze ibya WTO. Amasezerano yo korohereza ubucuruzi.
Ariko, RCEP iracyakeneye gukora uburyo bwo kuzamura ibipimo byayo mugihe kizaza cyamategeko yubucuruzi ku isi.Ugereranije na CPTPP hamwe n’iganjemo amategeko mashya y’ubucuruzi ku isi, RCEP yatekereje kwibanda cyane ku kugabanya imisoro no kugabanya inzitizi z’amahoro, aho kwibanda ku bibazo bigaragara nko kurengera umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge.Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugira ngo ubukungu bw’akarere bugere ku rwego rwo hejuru, RCEP igomba kugirana ibiganiro byongerewe ubumenyi ku bibazo bivuka nko gutanga amasoko ya leta, kurengera umutungo bwite mu bwenge, kutabogama kw'ipiganwa ndetse na e-ubucuruzi.
Umwanditsi ni Mugenzi mukuru mu kigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe guhanahana ubukungu mpuzamahanga.
Ingingo yasohotse bwa mbere kuri chinausfocus ku ya 24 Mutarama 2022.
Ibitekerezo ntabwo byanze bikunze byerekana ibya sosiyete yacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2022