Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yezingxoxo zemarathon, i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, noma i-RCEP - i-FTA enkulu ehlanganisa amazwekazi amabili - yethulwa ekugcineni ngo-Jan 1. Ihilela iminotho eyi-15, isizinda sabantu esingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5 kanye ne-GDP yamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23. .Ibalelwa kumaphesenti angama-32.2 omnotho womhlaba, amaphesenti angama-29.1 ohwebo selulonke kanye namaphesenti angama-32.5 otshalomali emhlabeni.
Mayelana nohwebo lwezimpahla, ukuvunyelwa kwentela kuvumela ukwehliswa okukhulu kwezithiyo zentela phakathi kwamaqembu e-RCEP.Njengoba isivumelwano se-RCEP siqala ukusebenza, isifunda sizozuza izivumelwano zentela ekuhwebeni kwezimpahla ngezindlela ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa ngokushesha kube yiziro, ukuncishiswa kwentela yesikhashana, ukuncishiswa kwentela okuyingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukile.Ekugcineni, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 ohwebo lwezimpahla ezikhavwe ngeke zithole amanani entengo.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuqaliswa kwemithetho eqoqiwe yemvelaphi, enye yezimpawu ze-RCEP, kusho ukuthi inqobo nje uma imibandela yokuqoqwa ifinyelelwa ngemva kokushintsha ukuhlukaniswa kwentela egunyaziwe, ingaqoqwa, okuzohlanganisa nokuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezimboni. kanye ne-value chain esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific futhi kusheshiswe ukuhlanganiswa komnotho lapho.
Mayelana nohwebo ngezinsizakalo, i-RCEP ikhombisa isu lokuvula kancane kancane.Indlela yohlu olubi iyamukelwa eJapan, Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore naseBrunei, kuyilapho amalungu ayisishiyagalombili asele, okuhlanganisa neChina, asebenzise indlela yohlu evumayo futhi azibophezele ekushintsheni ohlwini olubi phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha.Ukwengeza, i-RCEP ihlanganisa ezezimali kanye nezokuxhumana njengezindawo zokuqhubeka nokukhululeka, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala nokuvumelana kwemithetho phakathi kwamalungu futhi kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwesikhungo ekuhlanganisweni komnotho esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific.
I-China ibophezelekile ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuvulelekeni kwesifunda.Lena yi-FTA yokuqala yesifunda ngempela ubulungu bayo obuhlanganisa i-China futhi, ngenxa ye-RCEP, ukuhweba nabalingani be-FTA kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-27 kuya kwangu-35.I-China ingomunye wabahlomuli abakhulu be-RCEP, kodwa iminikelo yayo nayo izobaluleka.I-RCEP izokwenza i-China ikwazi ukukhulula amandla ayo emakethe enkulu, futhi umphumela wokukhula komnotho wayo uzovezwa ngokugcwele.
Mayelana nesidingo somhlaba wonke, iChina kancane kancane iba ngelinye lamahabhu amathathu.Ezinsukwini zokuqala, yi-US kanye neJalimane kuphela ababefuna leso sikhundla, kodwa ngokwanda kwemakethe yonke yaseChina, isizimise kakhulu enkabeni yochungechunge lwezidingo zase-Asia ngisho nezici emhlabeni jikelele.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-China ifune ukulinganisa kabusha intuthuko yayo yomnotho, okusho ukuthi nakuba iqhubeka nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe izophinde yandise ngenkuthalo ukuthengwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe.I-China inguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba kanye nomthombo wempahla ye-ASEAN, Japan, South Korea, Australia kanye ne-New Zealand.Ngo-2020, ukuthengwa kwe-China okuvela kumalungu e-RCEP kwafinyelela ku-$777.9 billion, okudlula ukuthunyelwa kwezwe kubo ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-700.7, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yayo yonke impahla yaseChina ethengwayo phakathi nonyaka.Izibalo zeCustoms zibonisa ukuthi ezinyangeni eziyi-11 zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuthengwa kweChina nokuthekelisa kwamanye amalungu ayi-14 e-RCEP kudlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.96, okumelela amaphesenti angama-31 yenani layo lonke lezohwebo zangaphandle ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokusebenza kwesivumelwano se-RCEP, isilinganiso sentengo yokungenisa yase-China samaphesenti angu-9.8 sizokwehliswa, ngokulandelana, emazweni ase-ASEAN (amaphesenti angu-3.2), iNingizimu Korea (amaphesenti angu-6.2), iJapane (amaphesenti angu-7.2), i-Australia (amaphesenti angu-3.3). ) neNew Zealand (amaphesenti angu-3.3).
Phakathi kwazo, uhlelo lwemvumelwano yentela phakathi kwamazwe amabili ne-Japan lugqama kakhulu.Ngokokuqala ngqá, i-China ne-Japan zifinyelele esivumelwaneni se-bilateral tariff concession lapho izinhlangothi zombili zehlisa kakhulu intela emikhakheni eminingana, okuhlanganisa imishini nemishini, ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, amakhemikhali, imboni ekhanyayo nezindwangu.Njengamanje, amaphesenti angu-8 kuphela emikhiqizo yezimboni yase-Japan ethunyelwa e-China efaneleka ukukhokhiswa intela.Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-RCEP, i-China izokhulula cishe amaphesenti angama-86 emikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yizimboni zase-Japan ezinkokhelweni zokungenisa ezweni ngezigaba, ikakhulukazi ezibandakanya amakhemikhali, imikhiqizo yamehlo, imikhiqizo yensimbi, izingxenye zenjini nezingxenye zezimoto.
Ngokuvamile, i-RCEP inyuse ibha phezulu kunama-FTA adlule esifundeni sase-Asia, futhi izinga lokuvuleka ngaphansi kwe-RCEP liphezulu kakhulu kunama-FTA angu-10+1.Ukwengeza, i-RCEP izosiza ukuqinisa imithetho engaguquki emakethe ehlangene ngokuqhathaniswa, hhayi kuphela ngendlela yokufinyelela ezimakethe okuxegayo kanye nokwehlisa imigoqo engakhokhiswa intela kodwa futhi ngokwemigomo yezinqubo zentela kanye nokugqugquzela ukuhwebelana, okuhamba phambili kune-WTO's. Isivumelwano Sokulekelela Ukuhwebelana.
Kodwa-ke, i-RCEP isadinga ukuthola indlela yokuthuthukisa amazinga ayo ngokumelene nesizukulwane esilandelayo semithetho yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPTPP kanye nokuthambekela okukhona kwemithetho emisha yohwebo emhlabeni wonke, i-RCEP kucatshangwa ukuthi igxile kakhulu ekwehliseni intela kanye nokwehliswa kwesithiyo esingakhokhiswa intela, kunezindaba ezivelayo ezifana nokuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqondiswe ukuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda kuye ezingeni eliphezulu, i-RCEP kufanele ibambe izingxoxo ezithuthukisiwe ezindabeni ezivelayo ezifana nokuthengwa kukahulumeni, ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo, ukungathathi hlangothi kokuncintisana kanye ne-e-commerce.
Umbhali ungumuntu oPhezulu e-China Center for International Economic Exchanges.
Indatshana yashicilelwa okokuqala ku-chinausfocus ngoJan 24, 2022.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2022